Which factors would require a longer landing distance?

The correct choice indicates that higher weight and wet runways would necessitate a longer landing distance for an aircraft. When an aircraft is heavier upon landing, it carries more kinetic energy, which requires a greater distance to dissipate that energy and come to a stop. This increased weight can stem from various factors, such as a full passenger load or cargo.

Wet runways pose their own challenges, primarily related to reduced friction between the aircraft tires and the runway surface. On a wet surface, the risk of hydroplaning increases, which can lead to a significant reduction in the aircraft’s braking effectiveness. The combination of higher weight and the adverse conditions of a wet runway means that the aircraft will also require more stopping distance due to both the heavier impact on braking systems and the diminished grip of the tires, making this situation especially critical for safe landing operations.

When considering the other options, lower weight, calm weather, and reduced fuel loads all contribute to shorter landing distances due to lighter overall momentum and improved braking efficiency. Increased altitude typically reduces air density, which could affect engine performance but doesn’t directly correlate with landing distance as explicitly as the heavier weight and the wet surface scenario. Light gusts in the wind may affect the control of the aircraft during landing but