What is one factor that affects takeoff distance?

Runway surface condition is a crucial factor that affects takeoff distance because it directly influences the aircraft's friction and traction during the initial roll. When the surface is dry and in good condition, it provides better grip, allowing the aircraft to accelerate more efficiently and thus requiring a shorter distance to attain takeoff speed. Conversely, if the runway is wet, icy, or covered in debris, it can significantly increase the takeoff distance. This is due to reduced friction, which can hinder acceleration and increase the distance needed for the aircraft to reach the required speed for lift-off.

Other factors, such as wing structure, engine type, and propeller size, while they do play roles in overall aircraft performance, do not have the same direct and immediate impact on takeoff distance in the way that runway surface conditions do. These other factors are more related to the aircraft's design and capabilities rather than the environmental conditions at the time of takeoff.