What effect does flaps extended during approach have on landing performance?

Extending flaps during the approach phase of landing primarily increases lift, which significantly impacts landing performance. When flaps are deployed, they alter the wing's aerodynamic characteristics, allowing the aircraft to generate lift at lower speeds. This enables the aircraft to fly slower while maintaining controlled flight, facilitating a steeper descent rate without increasing the risk of stalling.

The increased lift provided by the flaps allows for a reduction in approach speed. By managing speed and glide path effectively, this can lead to a shorter landing distance since the aircraft is able to touch down at a lower speed, utilize a more efficient descent angle, and achieve a more controlled landing. The lift-to-drag ratio generally improves with flaps extended, which not only enhances stability but also contributes to smoother landings.

Understanding this characteristic of wing flaps is crucial for pilots during approach, as it enables them to make safer and more efficient landing decisions.